Emmanuel College s Development Of Their Students ...

Emmanuel College Emmanuel College technically started in 1919 as a local learning institute that replaced the previously popular mineral springs health resort. Emmanuel College is dedicated to the development of their students’ spiritual and intellectual growth. Emmanuel College offers a solid liberal arts education in a Christian friendly environment. Their educational values are based the Christian concepts of service, integrity, devotion and community. They strive to create positive experiences in Christian environments that promote social values, lifelong spirituality and community service. Emmanuel College’s rural campus is located in Northeast Georgia in the town of Franklin Springs. They are affiliated with the International Pentecostal Holiness Church. Every year, Emmanuel College only averages about 800 students. The student to teacher ratio of 15 to one, so student engagement rates are high, and the acceptance rate is 55 percent. Emmanuel College’s athletic teams are the Lions and they are a member of the NCAA Division II. Emmanuel College offers over 25 fields of study through their Schools of Arts and Sciences, Business, Education and Christian Ministries. The School of Business offers Bachelors of Arts and Science in Business Administration, with either a Management or Computer Information Systems concentration. The Communication Studies Department offers Bachelors of Arts and Science in Graphic Design, Organizational Communication and Digital MediaShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesapocalyptic visions of the world, saw something important in all of these happenings. I grew up in Jamaica at a time when Rastas were still regarded as useless, lazy, half-insane, ganja-smoking illiterates who were of no value to society. Teachers, students, ofï ¬ ce workers, and anyone of social importance could not grow locks, and families would go into mourning when their sons would start sprouting them. I heard the term â€Å"black heart man† used again and again as a means of expressing fear or ridiculeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagessuch strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programme (a s we hope they will), it is essential that students are required to undertake additional reading from other sources and that their ‘practical’ work is supplemented by other material as mentioned above. ââ€"  ââ€"  ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 600 600 Guide to the main focusRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevailing dynamics of the cold war. In addition to the problems posed for conceptualizing the twentieth century as a discrete era of world history due to overlap with the preceding period and disconcertingly radical shifts in the course of global development in the 1900s, contradictory forces and trends, which perhaps more than any other attribute distinguish this turbulent phase of the human experience, render it impervious to generalized pronouncements and difficult to conceptualize broadly. As

Ethical Issues Within The World Wide Web - 886 Words

Ethical Issues in Marketing Ethical issues in business are important, particularly in the age of the World Wide Web, where the information can be accessed by anyone. False advertising is an ordinary issue, and most business people are aware of the threat of overstated product claims, but the main suggestion is that because of the advertising â€Å"watchdogs,† companies indulging in this practice may be caught and punished. Other issues with ethical implications are not as clear-cut, and the consequences -- especially for the consumer -- may be serious. (Marketing Issues That Have Ethical Implications, n.d.) Customer Relationship Management McDonald’s uses Power Centre by Astute Solutions, and being an international chain with billions of consumers, it needs to use a functioning and trustworthy way of relating with its customers and keep forward of this very functioning market. Power Centre has help them to collect statistics about the views of their consumers, whether or not they’re satisfied as well things that cause disappointment. The data is available in real time and allows McDonalds to share the information with people across the establishment quickly for the most relevant results. The Power Centre software provides McDonalds with up to date data for which can calculate satisfaction results across the brand as a whole, by region or even down to individual restaurants. This makes it easy to identify problems and get them resolved quickly. (Customer Relationship Management ofShow MoreRelatedEthical Considerations Of Online Games1477 Words   |  6 PagesDepartment of Informatics 132228 1 Ethical Considerations of Online Games: User Data Manipulation 21/04/2016 Candidate 132228 Word Count: 1435 Department of Informatics 132228 2 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................3 3 The User Argument...............................................................................................................................4Read MoreManagers and Performance Evaluations: Ethical Dilemmas1267 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Evaluations: Ethical Dilemmas Performance evaluations serve the purpose to enlighten subordinates about what they should be doing better or differently, (Culbert, 2012). However, they can often become problematic and raise serious ethical issues that would threaten the well being of the employee, manager, and company in general. There are several ethical issues which can present themselves in performance reviews which can be even further augmented by social issues going on outside theRead MoreStem Cell Research Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagespart of the body. From these stem cells, a skin graph can be created and used to replace damaged and dead skin cells. With every chance at a medical breakthrough, risks are present. The Christian Medical and Dental website provides a list of these issues on their ‘Adult vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research’ page. The first of which being that, human embryonic stem cell lines have been proven to be difficult to develop and maintain. This is based off of the information from the South Korean scientistsRead MoreAnalysis : The World Wide Web Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesTim Berners-Lee in 1989, the World Wide Web is still very young. Berners-Lee initially developed three of the fundamental technologies that are the foundation of today’s web. Specifically, Berners-Lee created the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) – the markup language of the web, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) – a unique address used to identify each resource on the web, and the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – a way to send and retrieve resources on the web. Additionally, Berners-Lee alsoR ead MoreArchitecture of a New Payroll Program1137 Words   |  5 PagesApplication Architecture Introduction Fundamental objective of this paper is to build a payroll program for a large organization having offices spread across the United States. To enhance effective business operations, the company uses the WAN (wide area network) technology to connect all its offices located in the United States. The paper discusses the architecture of new payroll program to enhance greater understanding on the functionality of the new system. Architecture of the new PayrollRead MoreTesting Limits: Preventing Past Mistakes from Becoming the Future854 Words   |  4 Pagesare tested without their knowledge. This world wide issue has been attempted to be remedied through laws and regulations, but loopholes can still be found within them. Time has proved to the world that these laws are simply not enough. Stricter laws should be enacted to prevent the worlds history of unethical human experimentation from repeating itself. It is easy to forget just how serious is the issue of unethical human experimentation: most of the world lives in blissful ignorance of the tragedyRead MoreStudy Of Botanical / Herbal Medication1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Study of Botanical/ Herbal Medication in Natural Medications Over the centuries natural medications have become the origin of all medications like our well known ethical drugs and botanical and herbal medications. Throughout this paper among many supplements botanical/herbal medications carry along varies treatments alongside issues. Botanical/herbal medications most of which can be found from plants and other essentials as well. These forms of medications have become a global epidemic furthermoreRead MoreThe Effects of Proper and Improper Business Ethics1351 Words   |  6 PagesWith recent economic turmoil, ethical business practices have been thrown into the spotlight as a vital area with which companies need to improve on. Proper business ethics are vital for economic growth and progress as well as facilitating a productive and morally correct society. The United States has recently suffered large economic declines, the most significant of which occurred in 2001 and 2008. As the questions are asked and some answers given, the picture o f big business not caring aboutRead MoreEssay on Ethical, Legal and Regulatory Analysis2495 Words   |  10 PagesEthical, Legal and Regulatory Analysis Intro It has become a growing epidemic for company’s to regulate their ethical and legal standings. From the employee’s working within the company, to those consumers taking in the products and services that the company is shelling out, these specifics are things that just about everyone would like to know. Within each company whether they conduct their business exclusively online, if they are strictly brick and mortar, orRead MoreEthics of Animal Testing754 Words   |  3 Pagesis being done about this and why it is an ethical issue. I have come up with an axiom to summarize this topic. Testing animals in research revolves around the relative or moral value of humans and animals, and many different viewpoints helped to contribute to the development of ethical principles of animal treatment. The use of animals in research, teaching and testing is an important ethical and political issue. Much of the discussion about this issue revolves around the relative value, often referred

The importance of agriculture Free Essays

Since the time men learnt to grow crops, agriculture has been the main source of food. Today, most of the people in all parts of the world, especially in developing countries, are engaged in agricultural activities. Human is mainly a grain-eating animal. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of agriculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Asia, most of the people eat rice. In Europe, North America and Australia, wheat is the main food crop. If rice and wheat cannot be grown, millet and other cereals are grown as food crops. Though men also eat meat, they enjoy eating meat only when they take it together with rice or bread which is made from wheat. It is therefore clear that grains are the main source of man’s food, and grains are agricultural products. Men, however, cannot live on grains alone. They need other foods too to make his meals more palatable. Therefore, they learnt to grow vegetables, potatoes and fruits. Like grains, these things come from the soil. They have to be planted and grown with great care. As a result, men have made many experiments on soil for several centuries to increase their production of crops. Men have also learnt to consume dried leaves to refresh themselves. Tea and tobacco, the dried leaves of certain plants, have become very popular as sources of refreshment. Even coffee and cocoa are products of plants. Cotton, jute and other fiber are used to make cloth and several other things for our daily needs. All these plants have become very important in agriculture. In some countries, agriculture is a main source of wealth. The rubber tree and the oil-palm in Malaysia bring millions of dollars every year. In Bangladesh, the jute plant is the main source of wealth. Similarly, in almost every country there is at least one plant which makes a great contribution to the economy of the country. We arrive at the conclusion that agriculture play an important role in men’s world. Invite friends to read this article. How to cite The importance of agriculture, Papers

Outsourcing of The Business Activity Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Outsourcing of The Business Activity. Answer: Introduction: The digital innovation in the global market creates the new value for the organization to outsource their business operation to the other company for completing the activities and get the desired output. The outsourcing program is utilized for saving the precious time of the enterprise which was previously used in the completing the business processes. The precious time can be used for other activities which help in improving the turnover of the enterprise (Kremic, 2013). The short and long term sustainability of the enterprise can be maintained by outsourcing the activities and maintaining good and healthy relationship with the third party. The cost associated with the project activity scheduled can be reduced to an high extent to complete the project under estimated budget. The research paper is designed to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. Project Objective The project objective is to focus on the positive and negative aspect associated with the outsourcing of the business activity with the inclusion of third party in the working curriculum of the enterprise. The fundamentals of the outsourcing program helps in analysing the efficiency of the business operations which are undertaken for achieving the required output. The focus should be given on determining the difference in the turnover of the enterprise to analyse the benefit of using the outsourced program in the working environment of the firm. Project scope The in-scope activities which should be undertaken in completing the project are mentioned below: The difference in the turnover of the enterprise to analyse the benefit of using the outsourced program in the working environment of the firm (Krell,2014). The strategies for developing the outsourced program to the third party Determining the logical sequence of activities to be coordinated on the outsourced working program The recommendation of the customer to outsource the business activities to the third party The positive aspect of the outsourced program The negative aspect of the outsourced program Improving the in-house capability of the enterprise. Literature review The Outsourcing of the activities are undertaken to improve the performance of the business in regards to raising the satisfaction level of the associated customers which in turn helps in increasing the turnover of the company. The quality of the outcome can be improved with the inclusion of the third party but there is one major drawback of the outsourcing program that the loss of data can occur in the working process of the enterprise (Milan, 2010). The benefits of using the outsourcing program are that it is helpful in enhancing the business processes and the human resource skills for completing the business activity (Mirza, 2015). The globalization is the major factor responsible for outsourcing the business operation to the other companies. The sale of the product can be improved by utilizing the marketing strategies. The quality of the product can be optimized with the inclusion of outsourcing fundamental program. By analysing the literature review, we predict that the financia l growth of the company can be improved by reducing the amount of budget spent on carrying over the business operational procedures (Ray, 2009). The negative aspect which is associated with the outsourcing program is that it is difficult to optimize the skills and expertise of the working employees (Patricia, 2014). Research questions and hypothesis Primary research question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourcing function? Secondary research question: How the productivity of the organization can be improved with the use of outsourcing function? How the cost can be reduced by deploying the business function to the third party? What are the negative consequences of the outsourced function? What are the risks mitigation plans should be undertaken? Research Hypothesis: It has been identified that the utilization of the outsourcing activities helps in producing the quality product for increasing the efficiency and turnover of the company by attracting more and more customers towards the enterprise (Tucker, 2011). The working structure helps in increasing the efficiency of the employees. The assessment of the outsourced activities and business process helps in reducing the workload from the enterprise working schedule (Haveckin, 2012). It helps in identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the functions used for outsourced on the third party working platform. The research hypothesis should be prepared on the following framework: Research design and methodology The qualitative and quantitative approach is used for determining the advantages and disadvantages of the working of the outsourcing program. Interview: The interview is arranged with the senior management of the company who indulges the outsourcing program in the working curriculum of the enterprise. Observation and survey: The deployment of the business outsourced program should be observed by carrying over survey on different companies to analyse the positive and the negative impact of the outsourcing function (Iqbal, 2013). Questionnaire: The research questions helps in designing the questionnaire to get the desired data for analysis of the research questions. Sampling: The method of sampling is used for testing the positive and the negative impact of the outsourcing function on the sample undertaken. Ethical Issues: The analysis of the ethical issues helps in predicting the code of conduct followed by the working employees to create an ethical environment on the outsourced business platform. Schedule: Research Activity Program Starting date of the research Finishing date of the research Explanation Topic of research 09-Oct-17 10-Oct-17 The research study has been undertaken on advantages and disadvantages associated with the business operation which are outsourced Criteria for selection of team required 11-Oct-17 13-Oct-17 Criteria should be settled for analysis the expertise of the participating unit which is required for completing the research program Material collected for literature review process 14-Oct-17 16-Oct-17 Data collection is the most important phase of the research study. The relevancy and the accuracy are the pillars for determining the data according to the research project. Analysis of data documented in the literature review 17-Oct-17 19-Oct-17 The format should be created for writing the result of the analysis of literature review undertaken. The documentation helps in reaching the conclusion for developing the draft for the research study by setting down the research questions. Designing of primary and secondary research question 20-Oct-17 23-Oct-17 The analysis of the literature review helps in creating primary and secondary research questions for taking the research study in the right direction. The question should be based on analysing the negative and positive effect of outsourcing on the business performance. Documentation of draft for the research study 24-Oct-17 26-Oct-17 The research draft helps in specifying the project scope and the relevant outcome related to the outsourced program. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies 27-Oct-17 20-Nov-17 The research methodologies plays a vital role in collecting the relevant and accurate data for carrying over the research on outsourced program Proposal reviewing 21-Nov-17 23-Nov-17 The accuracy of the draft should be reviewed before submitting it for approval Sanction of the research draft 24-Nov-17 27-Nov-17 The research study continues after the sanction from the researcher Research analysis phase 28-Nov-17 30-Dec-17 The analysis of the data helps in developing the research document which provides the relevant data to optimize negative and positive effect of outsourcing on the business performance. Research assessment phase 01-Jan-18 10-Jan-18 Findings and evaluation of the research should be clearly mentioned in the research document Termination of the research study 11-Jan-18 20-Jan-18 Termination of the research study Research Limitation: The sample taken for the study is limited in its capacity for determining the functionality of the outsourcing program. It is difficult to analyse the different views of the participant correctly. The baseline for completing the research work is also limited. Conclusion The research proposal helps in determining the advantages and disadvantages of the outsourced function with the inclusion of the third party. It has been identified that the quality of the product can be optimized with the inclusion of outsourcing fundamental program. References: Haveckin, B. (2012). Information technology outsourcing by large organization. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19401/1/Brian_Haveckin.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Iqbal, J. (2013). Outsourcing: A review of trends, winners, and loser and future direction. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_8_Special_Issue_July_2013/9.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Krell, E. (2014). Outsourcing the finance and accounting function. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/tech_mag_outsourcing_the_finance_and_accounting_functions_oct07.pdf.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Kremic, T. (2013). Outsourcing decision support: A survey of benefits, risks, and decision factor. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11780/sites/default/files/Outsourcing-Survey.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Millan, M. (2010). The benefits and risks of outsourcing. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e698d613-af77-4e34-b84e-940e14e94ce4 [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Mirza, A. (2015). The impact of outsourcing on the organization and economy. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:831505/FULLTEXT01.pdf [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Patricia, P. (2014). Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://smartchurchmanagement.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-outsourcing/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Ray, G. (2009). Finance and accounting outsourcing: An empirical study of service providers. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Tucker, J. (2011). The pros and cons of outsourcing. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/1998/jun/antonuci.html [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017].

The Cold War Essay Example For Students

The Cold War Essay Introduction When World War II in Europe finally came to an end on May 7, 1945, anew war was just beginning. The Cold War: denoting the open yet restrictedrivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union andtheir respective allies, a war fought on political, economic, andpropaganda fronts, with limited recourse to weapons, largely because offear of a nuclear holocaust.1 This term, The Cold War, was first used bypresidential advisor Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. Intelligence operations dominating this war have been conducted by theSoviet State Security Service (KGB) and the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA), representing the two power blocs, East and West respectively, thatarose from the aftermath of World War II. Both have conducted a variety ofoperations from large scale military intervention and subversion to covertspying and surveillance missions. They have known success and failure. TheBay of Pigs debacle was soon followed by Kennedys ft handling of the Cubanmissile crisis. The decisions he made were helped immeasurably byintelligence gathered from reconnaissance photos of the high altitude planeU-2. In understanding these agencies today I will show you how theseagencies came about, discuss past and present operations, and talk aboutsome of their tools of the trade. We will write a custom essay on The Cold War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Origin of the CIA and KGB The CIA was a direct result of American intelligence operations duringWorld War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the need tocoordinate intelligence to protect the interests of the United States. In1941, he appointed William J. Donovan to the head of the Office ofStrategic Services (OSS) with headquarters in London. Four departments madeup the OSS: Support, Secretariat, Planning, and Overseas Missions. Each ofthese departments directed an array of sections known as operationgroups. This organization had fallen into the disfavor of many involved inthe federal administration at this time. This included the director of theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who did not likecompetition from a rival intelligence organization. With the death ofRoosevelt in April of 1945, the OSS was disbanded under Truman anddepartments were either relocated or completely dissolved. Sovietintelligence began with the formation of the Cheka, secret p olice, underFeliks Dzerzhinsky at the time of the revolution. By 1946, this agency hadevolved into the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), and the Ministry ofState Security (MGB) both ruled by Lavrenti Beria. This man was undoubtedlythe most powerful man in the Soviet Union with a vast empire of prisoncamps, and informants to crush any traces of dissent. Of considerableimportance to Beria was the race for the atomic bomb. The Soviet Union andthe United States both plundered the German V-2 rocket sites for materialsand personnel. In 1946 the MVD was responsible for the rounding up of 6000scientists from the Soviet zone of Germany and taking them and theirdependents to the Soviet Union.2 The political conflicts of the 1930s andWorld War II left many educated people with the impression that onlycommunism could combat economic depression and fascism. It was easy forSoviet agents to recruit men who would later rise to positions of powerwith access to sensitive information. Atom spies wer e well positioned tokeep the Soviets informed of every American development on the bomb. Ofconsiderable importance was a man by the name of Klaus Fuchs, a Germancommunist who fled Hitlers purge and whose ability as a nuclear physicistearned him a place on the Manhattan Project. Fuchs passed information tothe Soviets beginning in 1941, and was not arrested until 1950. Alsopassing secrets to the Soviets were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed inthe United States in 1953. The latter two were probably among the first whobelieved in nuclear deterrence, whereby neither country would use nuclearweapons because the other would use his in response, therefore there wouldbe no ssible winner. It is generally believed that with such scientists asAndrei Sakharov, the Soviets were capable of working it out for themselveswithout the help of intelligence. (better transition) The National SecurityAct of 1947 gave birth to the CIA, and in 1949 the CIA Act was formallypassed. The act exempted the CIA from all Federal laws that required thedisclosure of functions, names, official titles, and salaries or number ofpersonnel employed by the agency. The director was awarded staggeringpowers, including the right to spend money without regard to theprovisions of law and regulations relating to the expenditure of governmentfunds. The act also allowed the director to bring in 100 aliens a yearsecretly.3 The 1949 charter is essentially the same one that the CIA usesto carry out covert operations today. The U-2 Incident In 1953, the CIA contracted Lockheed Aircraft Corporation of Burbank CAto build a plane that would go higher and farther than any yet produced. Kelly Johnson came up with the design for the U-2, a plane that would flywith a record high ceiling of 90,000 ft. and a range of 4,000 ft. The U-2flights are possibly the greatest triumph achieved by the CIA since itsfounding. This is because of the planes success at evading detection forsuch a long time and the vast amounts of information gathered. Well neverbe able to match that one. Those flights were intelligence work on a massproduction basis.4 On the fateful day of May 1, 1960, Gary Powers was sentup in his U-2 over the Soviet Union from the United States Air Force Baseat Peshawar, Pakistan. His mission was to photograph areas of military andeconomic signifigance and record radio transmissions. The plane he flew wasequipped with cameras, radio receivers and tape recorders to accomplishthis mission. In addition to these devices, the plane was also equippedwith self destruction capabilities to blow up the U-2 if it was forced toland, and a blasting mechanism fitted to the tape re corder to destroy anyevidence of the CIAs monitoring of radio signals. As his plane flew overthe Soviet Union, the cameras recorded ammunition depots, oil storageinstallations, the number and type of aircraft at military airports, andelectric transmission lines. When the plane did not return to its baseafter a reasonable allowance of time, it was assumed it had crashed forsome reason or another. The circumstances surrounding the crash of theplane Powers flew on this is a still a mystery today, depending on whetheryou believe the Soviets or the Americans. The Soviets claim that in viewof the fact that this was a case of the deliberate invasion of Sovietairspace with hostile aggressive intent, the Soviet Government gave ordersto shoot down the plane5, and that they shot it out of the air with anSA-2 missile at 8:53 A.M. at the altitude of 68,000 ft. The Americansdeclared that the U-2 was disabled by a flameout in its jet engine. .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .postImageUrl , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:visited , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:active { border:0!important; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:active , .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5a53b7dd732abc75613e207e58cc45d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Okonkwo's Disagreement of Christian Religion EssayWhatever the truth maybe, or combination of truths, the fact remains thatPowers survived the encounter by parachute in the vicinity of Sverdlovsk. Upon landing, he was apprehended, disarmed, and escorted to the securitypolice by four residents of the small town. The fault of the incident laywith the American administrations handling of the situation, not with theflight itself. It was assumed that Powers had died in the crash, and thiswas the mistake. The initial story released was not widely reported andonly told of a missing pilot near the Soviet border whos oxygen equipmentwas out of order. From an intelligence point of view, the original coverstory seemed to be particularly inept A cover story has certainrequirements. It must be credible. It must be a story that can bemaintained and it should not have too muchdetail. Anything thats missing in a cover story can be taken care of bysaying the matter is being investigated.6 The further lies the StateDepartment released about the incident only strained U.S. and Sovietrelations. These included reports of an unarmed weather research plane,piloted by a civilian, that had trouble wi th oxygen equipment going downover the Soviet Union. Under questioning by the press, Information Officer,Walt Bonney, admitted that the U-2 had cameras aboard, but they were notreconnaissance cameras. Rather, the cameras were to take cloud cover. When it became publicly known that Khrushchev had known what had takenplace all along and had known for some years, President Eisenhowerjustified the presence of a spy plane over the Soviet Union with it beingin the interest of the free world. Khrushchev saw through the ploy andrevoked his invitation for Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union for asummit. Bay of Pigs By 1959, Fidel Castro and his rebels were able to establish their ownregime in Cuba. Americans soon became hostile to this new government whenit became apparent that Castro endorsed the Soviets. He declared hisintentions of supporting guerrilla movements against US backeddictatorships throughout Latin America and seized US assets in Cuba. Healso established friendly relations with the Soviet Union although he wasnot communist. The US recognized this threat to their interests andproceeded to form a special CIA task force that was create an armed forceof exiled Cubans, form a subversive organizations within Cuba, and ifpossible assassinate Castro. The initial plan was to discredit thecharismatic man in front of his nation. Some ideas that were considered toaccomplish the task were ludicrous in the least. The first was to sprayCuban TV studios with LSD prior to Castro broadcasting a speech in hopes ofhim making a complete fool of himself. The agency had been experimentingwit h the acid for some time. However, the idea was quickly abandonedbecause no one could guarantee with any certainty that the drug would havethe desired effect. Further attempts were stabs at the look of Castrohimself. One idea was to doctor his famous insignia, the cigars he isalways seen with. This idea was discontinued because no one could figureout how to get the cigars to him. From an angle of more a chemical nature,the agency planned at one time to make his beard fall out. Scientists atthe agency knew that when thallium salts contact skin, they act as adepilatory and make hair fall out. The idea goes further into reasoningthat when Castro aveled he would leave his shoes outside of his hotelbedroom and the salts could be sprinkled in then. This idea becameimpossible when Castro announced that all forthcoming foreign trips were tobe cancelled. With these failures, the US felt that it had no choice but tocontinue with the organization of partisans and help them usurp thedictatorshi p of Cuba. By the time John F. Kennedy was elected President in1960, the development of the invasion was already in full force. Eisenhowerhad earmarked $13 million and a force of 1300 men had been assembled.7Cuban pilots were being trained how to fly B-26 bombers by NationalGuardsmen. The operation was massive, enough so that the public tooknotice. Kennedy was extremely wary of any direct US involvement and setabout a series of compromises for the Cuban exiles. The air cover wasreduced and the landings were shifted from a more favorable site to the Bayof Pigs where it was determined that the landing force could get ashorewith a minimum of naval and air force back up. Escorted by US navalvessels, the force landed in the Bay of Pigs on April 17, 1961. The sixB-26s assigned to the operation were clearly inadequate and the supportfrom within the country never fully materialized. Completely exposed tocounterattacks of the Cuban air and land forces, the whole invasion forcewas either kill ed or taken prisoner. When Kennedys statement that thearmed forces of this country would not intervene in any way was anoutright lie. The exiles uses American equipment. They were trained byAmerican servicemen, and the planes flown were Americans. The ships thatcarried the men to the invasion were American, with American naval unitsfor support. Americans were killed in operation. When caught in his lie,Kennedy was forced to cover the US by extending the Monroe Doctrine tocover communism. He declared that the US would remain free of all Centraland Latin American affair as long as they were not communist. This fiascoundoubtedly led to Khrushchevs belief that he could deploy missiles to hisnewfound ally without any tangible reprisal from the Americans. .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .postImageUrl , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:visited , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:active { border:0!important; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:active , .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79ccc4437d80b932313ccaa10b37302d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prom Night Memories EssayPractices of Spies Some of the devices used seem to come straight from a James Bond movie. Hollow rings or talcum powder cans with false bottoms were some of theitems used for hiding microfilm. An interesting method involves the use ofa microdot whereby pages of information is reduced to the size of a colonand used in an appropriate place on a document. The process is reversed forthe extraction of information and the dot is enlarged to display all theinformation. Hiding places for secret packages were imaginative to say theleast and ranged from trees, to ruined walls, to mail boxes. Listeningdevices were not restricted to telephone bugs, and on one occasion therewas a handcarved Great Seal of the United States presented to the USambassador in Moscow by the Soviet Union. It turned out that hidden insidewas a listening device. Microwave receivers exist all over the world forthe interception of messages, the Soviet embassy in San Francisco has itsown battery of dishes erected on top of its building. In 1978, a Bulgarianexile by the name Georgi Markov who was working for the R adio Free Europewas fatally poisoned with a pellet most likely hidden in an umbrella. Vladimir Kostov was killed under very similar circumstances in 1978, and itis believed that the toxin used was ricin. This is an extremely toxicsubstance derived from castor oil. Political and intelligence relatedassassinations have abounded in the twentieth century with the advent ofthe Cold War. The public will never know when one of murders takes place byreason of secrecy unless it is a public figure. Conclusion The agencies discussed above are integral to the peace that existstoday. There is no other way in the age we live in today to monitor theenemy and ally alike so as to be able to understand their capabilities andshortcomings without intelligence agencies. The CIA and KGB by themselvescannot assure peace. With the knowledge supplied by each to its leaders,intelligent decisions can be made in the worlds best interest. Moreover,the status quo and power base remains relatively stable with the East andWest on opposing sides. There can never be true and utterly complete peace,these organizations will continue to exist contrary ignorant ideals of thepublic for peaceful coexistence. 1Encyclopedia Britannia index page 2372KGB/CIA, Jonathon Bloch page 123KGB/CIA, Jonathon Bloch page 214CIA: The Inside Story, Andrew Tully page 1135CIA: The Inside Story, Andrew Tully page 1196General Thomas R. Phillips, U.S. Army, retired. 7Bay of Pigs, Peter Wyden page 59

Biography of Malcolm X essays

Biography of Malcolm X essays Malcolm X was a minister and Civil Rights Activist who taught a message of self-realization and personnel responsibility to many people. His views that the Western nations were racist and the black people must gather together to form their own society, had an immense influence on Black Nationalists and the black separatist movements of the 1950s and 1960s. His legacy remains in his teachings in which he significantly raised the consciousness of African Americans in the United States and his ideals on interracial harmony. Malcolm X was originally born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was born into a family of eight children. His mother, Louise Norton Little who was inter-racial, was a homemaker and his father, Earl Little whom was African American, was a Baptist Minister and passionate supporter of Marcus Garvey. His fathers activism in the civil rights movements provoked many death treats from white supremacist organizations forming the family to move twice before 1929. And on November 7 of that year the family home in Lansing, Michigan was burned down allegedly by the Ku Klux Klan. These treats resulted with the death of Earl Little on September 23, 1931. Earls mutilated body was found lying across the towns trolley tracks. Several years later Malcolms mother had an emotional breakdown resulting from the death of her husband and was committed to a mental institution. All of the children were split up and put in separate foster homes or orphanages. While in school Malcolm was an excellent student he was always at the top of his class, until one teacher told him that his dream of being a lawyer was not something a black person aspires for. Malcolm then lost interest in school and dropped out and moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where he worked odd jobs. He later moved to Harlem, New York where he committed petty crimes. By 1942 Malcolm was involved in various unlawful activi...

Managing Business Marketing Channels & E-Commerce Assignment

Managing Business Marketing Channels & E-Commerce - Assignment Example ver, they need to solve any conflict that may arise during the process of delivering goods to the customer as well as evaluate their performance and reward those who meet the set goals. The two types of channels are the direct where the manufacturer performs all the marketing functions and the indirect channel where the intermediaries are involved to handle the products (Dent, 2011). Today, technology has changed the world, especially when communicating. Information is passed from person to another instantly. To beat the competition, most organizations use the internet to market and advertise their products. They are also able to pass information to customers through email. In addition, customers are able to go online to purchase and pay for goods. In addition, organizations that use the internet to process information and deliver capabilities, both internally and externally are in a better position to compete in the market. Today, most organizations use e-commerce to speed up and automate a company’s internal processes, provide useful information to customers about the products as well as provide timely and efficient solutions to customers. Some of the advantages of using the internet include the reduction of transaction costs, the integration of the distribution of goods, and a wider accessibility to the global

Construction & Diagnostic of Recombinant DNA Plasmid Research Paper

Construction & Diagnostic of Recombinant DNA Plasmid - Research Paper Example The experiment established that the competency of cells increased greatly.   In the next experiment, running PCR provided me with an amplified His3 gene which is used in subsequent steps to transform haploid yeast. Transformation occurred through homologous recombination. The experiment proved that specific integration does occur although cases of non-specific integration are rampant. In the next experiment, I constructed a sub-clone of the HIS3 gene and inserted it into a plasmid pSP72 making a recombinant plasmid which I used to transform bacterial cells. In order to determine whether the integration was successful, I extracted the plasmid to analyze if the inserted gene was present. However, I established that integration had not been successful. Introduction One of the laboratory techniques that help in understanding the basics of knocking out genes is the standardized procedure of replacing the ADE2 gene responsible for adenine biosynthesis with HIS3 that is responsible for on e of the steps in histidine amino acids. The procedure involves production of a hybrid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the first step. The hybrid product constitute of the vector DNA template and the primers of choice. Running of the PCR major steps produces the hybrid product. Agarose gel electrophoresis helps in determining whether PCR amplification occurred. The next step involves the transformation of yeast cells with the hybrid PCR product. The last step involves analysis of r4esults and morphology of transformed yeast cells. Other experiments involve transforming competent Escherichia coli cells with the use of a plasmid as a vector. This transformation follows the recombinant DNA technology protocol. The general procedure starts with digestion of plasmid DNA and template DNA of interest with restriction enzymes to generate DNA fragments with sticky ends. The second step involves ligation of the DNA fragments using DNA ligase, forming a recombinant plasmid. The next step in volves insertion of the recombinant plasmid into the competent bacterial cells. The final step involves plating on appropriate media and selection of transformed cells. In addition, performing a backward procedure of isolating the plasmid from the transformed cells verifies insertion at the right locus. Laboratory 1: Transformation of Competent Bacteria Objective: Introduction of Plasmid DNA into E. coli cells and determination of transformation efficiency Materials and Reagents: Plasmid DNA Gene of interest SOC media LB-amp media Procedure: The protocol preferred was the High-Efficiency Transformation Protocol. However, a variation occurred with 2 µl of plasmid DNA. The high efficiency transformation protocol requires thawing of competent cells in ice for about ten minutes. The next step involves transfer of 50 µl of the cells to a transformation tube using a micropipette. Adding of 2 µl of plasmid DNA into the tube followed. The next step involved placing the mixture on ice for 20 minutes. Next, exposure of cells to heat shock at 42?C occurs, a process lasting 35 seconds. Following this was adding the right amount of SOC media to the cells. After this, incubation at 37C? for 40 minutes and subsequent vigorous shaking followed. Plating of the cells in LB-amp media and overnight incubation at 37?C was the last step. In the first experiment, plating of the concentrated cell mixture without dilution occurred. In subsequent trials, there was dilution of cell solution at different dilution ratios.

E-journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-journal - Essay Example I learnt that the instruction also should create safe and eye catching environment as this will allow for positive attitudes from children and result in productive learning. Well-planned and interactive lessons result in more student engagement; therefore â€Å"engagement in a quality music programs helps students†¦ develops both fine and gross motor skills† (Russell-Bowie, 2012, p.46). Thus, the range of different activities and using a variety of resources will allow children to stay engaged and develop. I also learned that the way the teacher communicates with students is very important due to the fact that if a teacher communicates in an effective way and provides clear instructions the lesson will be able to run smoothly. Therefore, the lecture was very useful for me as it allowed me to gain management ideas, which I can implement in my classroom. Through the tutorial that was prepared, I learnt much about the music. During the music tutorial we worked in a group and chose instruments to represent sound in a story or poem. It allowed me to understand the different moods instruments can create. Our group had the poem ‘Will we ever see?’ by Georgia Heard and I was able to learn the different sounds music can make and the mood they create. I find this activity to be very interesting in the classroom as it allows the children to understand the sound of different instruments, working as a group. Therefore, the tutorial demonstrated to the class the different sound effects from instruments. Application of the rhythm sticks made it clear how to read the rhythm cards as we were taping the sticks to the beat and this allowed our group to understand how to play eight rhythm beats. This will be a great idea to implement in the classroom as through the rhythm children can understand meaning of duration. Working in big groups and small groups allowed us to gain a deeper understanding on how to engage a whole class using instruments, flash

Pathophysiology of Huntington Disease

Pathophysiology of Huntington Disease George Huntington first described Huntington Disease in 1872 as coming on gradually but surely, increasing by degrees, and often occupying years in its development until the hapless sufferer is but a quivering wreck of his former self (Visser, 2010). Huntington disease is an inherited genetic disorder, which causes the progressive degeneration of selected nerve cells in the brain. This degeneration of nerve cells results in impairment of both mental capability and physical control which results in death (Visser, 2010). This essay will look at the pathophysiology of Huntington disease in relation to the possible signs and symptoms. While also identifying the risk factors and examining the relevant tests available with regards to screening, diagnosing and monitoring treatment within New Zealand. It will then further explore the treatment options available in New Zealand and treatment developments worldwide. Pathophysiology of Huntington disease in relation to signs and symptoms Huntington disease is caused by a genetic fault in a small section located on chromosome 4, which encodes a protein called Huntington (Porth, 2011). However, the function of the Huntington protein is still unknown, yet this protein appears to be important to neurons in the brain (Visser, 2010). This genetic fault results in a segment of DNA, known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat, this segment of DNA is made up of a series of DNA building blocks cytosine, adenine and guanine that appear multiple times in a row (Visser, 2010). The normal copy of this gene contains 6 to 35 copies of the trinucleotide repeat, compared to the faulty gene which contains 40 to 120 copies of the trinucleotide repeat resulting in this gene producing an expansion of Huntington’s gene (Porth, 2011). The larger number of trinucleotide repeats is generally associated with an earlier onset of Huntington’s’ disease. This is shown as adults with Huntington’s disease generally have 40-50 tri nucleotide repeats where people with the juvenile form of this disorder tend to have more than 50 trinucleotide repeats (Visser, 2010). Also, Visser (2010) suggests that due to the elongation of the CAG trinucleotide segment, the segment gains a toxic function that disrupts the normal function of neurons and eventually leads to the death of neurons. Cells are known as building blocks of life that use energy to carry out biological functions, while also producing oxidants that can potentially damage themselves; Yet, these cells can make such chemicals harmless (Visser, 2010). Current studies suggests that the protein Huntington somehow prevents the brain cells from protecting themselves against the toxic chemicals which results in Huntington’s disease causing the localized death of brain and spinal cord cells (Porth, 2011). Basal ganglia are the first neurons to be affected by Huntington disease; these neurons are associated with a variety of functions that modulate motor movements, emotions, cognitive and learning abilities (Porth, 2011). Therefore the deteriation of basal ganglia results in many symptoms which commonly occur around 35 and 55 years of age, however these symptoms will progressively get worse which results in the individual passing away in around 10-20 years (Porth, 2011). There are early signs and symptoms of Huntington disease which include uncontrolled muscular movements, memory problems and mood changes (Visser, 2010). Yet, these symptoms quickly develop into serious motor impairment conditions such as eye movement disorders, spasticity, dysphagia, dysarthria, myoclonus, and the main impairment chorea which involves rapid, jerking movements that the individual has no control over (Porth, 2011). As Huntington disease develops it results in a cognitive decline, mental slowing which is the inability to remember people and to make decisions for oneself (Porth, 2011). This can all eventually lead to dementia. There are many factors that influence behavioural symptoms which include stress about the disease, family relationships, and as the pathways through the basal ganglia become disconnected which results in a loss of frontal lobe functions (Visser, 2010). The major behavioural symptom is depression with 30% of individuals with Huntington disease exper iencing major depressive or dysthymic disorders and 6% resulting in suicide (Porth, 2011). Other behavioural symptoms such as personality changes results in the individual appearing to have no interest in life or the individual having increased anger and irritability which further links to impulsive actions and violence, these actions can cause stress in relationships between family members (Visser, 2010). Risk Factors of Huntington disease Everyone receives two copies of each gene which are singularly known as alleles, one from each parent, that are present in all cells of the body (Lemiere, 2004). Therefore most individuals are born with two normal copies of each allele (Lemiere, 2004). However in the case of hereditary disorders specifically Huntington’s disease, an individual is born with one normal gene and a gene defect which is called a mutation (Lemiere, 2004). Huntington disease has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern which means that a child of a parent who carries the mutation has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation (Frank, 2014). If the child inherits the mutation the child will develop Huntington’s disease some point in the individual’s life, and can also pass it on to their children. But if the individual does not inherit the mutation then they cannot pass it on to their children (Frank, 2014). Yet, there are also rare cases where individuals develop Huntington’s disea se, without a family history of the condition (Visser, 2010). This generally happens because of a genetic mutation during the father’s sperm development (Visser, 2010). However, there is a process where fertilized embryos can be tested for Huntington’s disease prior to the embryos being implanted within a mother’s womb called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (Christian, 2007). This technique allows the parent that carries the Huntington’s disease to avoid passing the genetic condition to their children (Christian, 2007). Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is completed through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) where the mother’s egg is fertilized with the father’s sperm outside the body (Christian, 2007). The eggs then develop into embryos, after three days of being cultured in the laboratory the technique of embryo biopsy is performed, this test checks the embryo for the Huntington’s disease and therefore all the embryos are then implanted back into the mother (Christian, 2007). New Zealand has been ethically approved for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis however this is only under special circumstances (Chris tian, 2007). The government only funds pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for 40 couples a year with one single attempt at pregnancy; this funding includes all serious genetic conditions (Christian, 2007). Relevant diagnostic, screening and monitoring tests in New Zealand Genetic tests are an example of a diagnostic as it is a procedure performed that establishes if an individual has the presence or absence of Huntington’s disease (Lyon, 2013). Individuals that have symptomatic symptoms of Huntington’s disease may be recommended by health care professionals to undertake a genetic test for the faulty Huntington gene (Visser, 2010). However, there is also predictive DNA testing which is for asymptomatic individuals with a 50% chance of developing Huntington’s disease, these individuals are tested to see if they will be affected or not by the faulty gene in adulthood (Visser, 2010). Both of these genetic tests are accomplished in the same way and can be done in Auckland laboratory (Lyon, 2013). Genetic testing is done by DNA being extracted from the individual’s blood sample, and then the DNA being purified (Lyon, 2013). A technique called polymerase chain reaction is then implicated to locate the two Huntington genes, once fo und millions of exact copies are made for further analysis (Lyon, 2013). This further analysing is when the DNA is sorted by size to determine the number of CAG repeats in each gene. The three outcomes to the test are based on the CAG repeats (Lyon, 2013). If an individual receives a negative test it means the CAG repeat size is 30 or less and therefore the individual is not at risk of developing Huntingtons disease, but if an individual receives a positive test it means the CAG repeat size is 40 or more and the individual will develop Huntington’s disease generally in adulthood (Lyon, 2013). However if an individual receives uninformative it mean the CAG repeat is in the immediate range between 31-39 and is unclear if the individual will develop Huntington’s disease (Lyon, 2013). Other tests available are known as screening this is where a series of tests are used to predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk (Lemiere, 2004). These tests include neurological examinations, along with structural and functional imaging. Neurological examinations are performed by a neurologist, which intensively interviews an individual to obtain the medical history and rule out other possible medical conditions (Lemiere, 2004). Some key aspects neurologists use to identify Huntington’s disease include taking a family history as Huntington disease is an inherited disorder and taking note of reflexes, muscle strength and eye movements as some of the earliest manifestations of the disease are â€Å"subtle chorea, eye movement and fine motor abnormalities† (Lemiere, 2004). However, Lemiere (2004) suggests that the Huntington gene defect may influence brain function and behaviour during asymptomatic years, this research has been conducted using presymptomati c individuals who have a positive gene defect. These individuals had a volume reduction of â€Å"30.9% for the caudate, 29.3% for the globus pallidus and 25.7% for the putamen† (Lemiere, 2004) compared to individuals with a negative gene defect from offspring of Huntington disease patients (Lemiere, 2004). This research shows that the decline of basal ganglia occurs gradually before the onset of Huntington disease symptoms (Lemiere, 2004). Therefore healthcare professionals can use MRI and CT scans of the brain to help determine if patients have Huntington’s disease (Lemiere, 2004). The monitoring of treatment is extremely important in Huntington’s disease and dependently relies on the motor, behavioural and cognitive aspects of the individual (Frank, 2014). After the onset of Huntington disease the individuals’ functional abilities gradually worsen over time due to the Huntington gene mutation that causes a localized death of neurons which helped to regulate the motor movements, emotional and cognitive abilities (Frank, 2014). The loss of these abilities requires the individual to seek help for all activities of daily care, yet later in the disease the individual will be confined to a bed with the inability to speak (Frank, 2014). This gradual decline of the individuals’ condition makes it important for health care professional to monitor the individuals’ treatments and adjust the treatment accordingly to the disease progress (Frank, 2014). Further, the drugs used in treatment of Huntington’s disease has the potential to cause significant side effects that can worsen symptoms of the disease (Frank, 2014). Therefore it is critically important for health care professionals to monitor the risk- benefit ratio effect the treatment has on an individual (Frank, 2014). Treatment available in New Zealand and further treatment developments worldwide Currently, there is no cure for Huntington disease, but medications, psychotherapy, speech and physical therapy can be implemented to help minimize symptoms while also allowing the individual to adapt to their condition (Frank, 2014). Medications to help treat movement disorders in New Zealand include Xenazine this medication helps to suppress chorea, but has possible side effects of aggravating depression (Frank, 2014). Also, the use of certain antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol and clozapine can help alleviate choreic movements and further controlling hallucinations and violent outbursts, but the possible side effects can worsen dystonia and muscle rigidity (Frank, 2014). Due to the loss of frontal lobe functions as an effect of the disease, there needs to be increased psychiatric support for individuals with Huntington’s disease (Visser, 2010). This support can come from medications that support depression such as antidepressants which include fluoxetine, sertraline and esctislopram (Frank, 2014). This treatment of depression can further help to improve the symptoms of sleep disturbance, social withdrawal and lack of interest in general life (Frank, 2014). However, using antidepressants can include the side effects of insomnia, diarrhoea, nausea and sexual problems (Frank, 2014). Other medications to help individuals can be antipsychotic and mood stabilizing drugs which help to supress violent outbursts, highs and low mood swings, the common side effects of these medications include weight gain, tremor and gastrointestinal problems (Frank, 2014). Psychologists can provide talking therapy for an individual with Huntington disease, this therapy allows the individual to understanding the conditions effects, while further discussing the problems and feeling the individual has (Frank, 2014). Such problems the individual could be concerned about are talking, eating and swallowing this is because Huntington disease impairs the control of muscles of the mouth and throat (Frank, 2014). A speech therapist can address these issues and improve the individual’s ability of communication by implementation communication devices (Frank, 2014). Physical therapy is also an important part of Huntington disease as the exercises provide help improve strength, balance and coordination, which further results in the individual maintain mobility for as long as possible and minimizing the possible falls (Frank, 2014). Even though there is no treatment the research field is still dynamic there are a high number of on-going or recently completed studies in relation to Huntington disease (Frank, 2014). Also, in the USA there has been a break through approach called gene-silencing (Carrol, 2013). This approach relies on the fact that DNA is not directly copied from the protein, but is made up from a chemical RNA first; this RNA message is chopped up and thereby stops the cell making the Huntington protein (Carrol, 2013). Although this approach does not stop the individual from carrying the Huntington disease and, therefore the individual can still pass the gene on, this approach stops making the protein that attacks the brain cells (Carrol, 2013). Another breakthrough development happened in the UK this is of a tool called CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that targets and cuts out specific small pieces of RNA (Carrol, 2013). This tool is used in the approach genome ed iting. This approach is different to gene silencing as it corrects the defect, which results in the individual not having the genetic defect and therefore produce babies without Huntington disease (Carrol, 2013).

Presidential Campaign Financing :: essays research papers

Running Head: Presidential Campaign Financing Abstract President Bush won reelection against Sen. John Kerry in a presidential race that shattered previous fundraising and spending records to become the most expensive in U.S. History. Both candidates benefited from the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, which went into affect just before the 2004 election cycle began and doubled the individual contribution limit from $1,000 to 2,000 dollars. Anyone trying to run for President of the United States must raise enormous amounts of money to keep there campaigns going. President Bush and Sen. John Kerry, for example, raised a total of nearly half a billion dollars in private contributions during the presidential primary season. More efforts are going to have to be made to keep the spending of non-party affiliated groups, such as the 527 groups, to a minimum. Presidential Campaign Financing and Spending: Election 2004 President George W. Bush took in a record $360 million for his 2004 re-election campaign, easily exceeding the $192 million he raised in his 2000 campaign. President bush spent $306 million of the money he raised which was also another record. John Kerry not only finished behind him in the election he also finished behind him in campaign funds, but still posted totals that far exceeded any other election period. Kerry raised more then $317 million and spent more then $240 million. Both partied during the campaign declined public matching funds, which would have not let them use all of the fund that they had raised, and would have limited there spending. Once they accept there partied nomination however they must accept the Public funding. For the 2004 election cycle the public matching funds they received were $74.6 million dollars. (Democracy 21.org, 2004;unknown author,2004)

Nursing

Community nurses are the nurses who work in a particular community for its welfare. With their ability to understand, they can deal with the health of residents living in any community. They work in the field of public health in order to perform tasks including population and community evaluation, development and implementation of community health programs and working in teams in order to work with discipline. Nurses in acute care settings work along with other health care specialists (Green, 27). The nurse is involved in the healing, security and recovery of intensely sick patients, looking after the health of healthy patience and operations of patients who are suffer from life threatening ailment. They perform non-clinical job that are vital for health care. Death and birth care is also provided by the nurses. Nurses practice in variety of acute settings that are available to them. They work in hospitals, schools, pharmaceutical companies, clinics, camps, militaries (Burbach, 98). Even though, nurses from different area of expertise seem to be more or less in abilities, we cannot conclude that nurses working in acute care settings are not capable. For example, Nurses working in critical care settings are experts on pregnancy and birth related aspects than community nurses. The question comes whether to justify that it is a false impression or a fact that a skill in one setting can be use as a skill in another (Humphrey, 19). When developing intermediary plans with requirements of constant management, the need of feedback and extra training is mandatory. This can help the nurses to put into practice and increase experience in non acute care settings before complete service changes are ready. This would enable the nurses to use their abilities and be confident to work in non acute settings. Equally essential, it is important for non acute setting nurses to continue with their education (Conrad, 28). The skills of dressing and taking care of wounds, having complete knowledge about the community’s resources, information on diabetes, patient family support and good communication skills with third party payers are very important when working in the community. These are the skills that help the nurse when working in the community. These nurses work under their leaders, learn in the learning atmosphere and accommodate themselves to adjustments to changes (Feldman, 17). They have the ability to work efficiently which has been dictated to them. They have the ability to work in a peaceful atmosphere and ignoring their colleague’s weaknesses. Nurses working in acute settings require the information, capabilities and experience to take care of their patients and the families. At the same time, the nurse creates loving, kind and restoring health environment. At the same time, they fulfill various responsibilities. They work directly with patients, they provide education to fresh nurses, they work as researchers, and they are managers (Shea, 67). A community nurse works independently as compared with nurses who work in acute settings. The main aim of a community nurse is to focus on the population and persons who do not necessarily seek out the services. Nurses working in acute care settings differ from community nurses in many ways. Nurses working in acute care settings do not have the access to direct clinical practice. They do not have the advance skills to provide education and teaching skills to patients and family (Loreti, 32). They work under superiors. They are not consultants and they do not take part in research. They carry out duties that are instructed to them. They do not require any leadership quality. They do not write policies or build partnerships.   They are restricted in certain working conditions (Stephany, 13). Nurses working in the acute care settings assess the critical and acute patient’s health status. Community nurses have to demonstrate the ability to make decisions for a variety of situations. They also need to demonstrate the need for promoting the rights of clients. They have to ensure the safety of their patients. Communications skills are very important for nurses working in the community and acute care settings. However community nurses require effective communication skills as compared with nurses working in acute care settings because the former might interact with poor and marginalized sections of society. A community nurse has to reflect primary health care principles to ensure that clients become independent and responsible (Brent, 10). An acute setting nurse on the other hand has to keep and document the health history of critical and chronically ill patients. A community nurse must have leadership and management skills to ensure that multiple approaches are used to assist the client in health issues (Wood, 17). Community nurses have to apply a public health framework to build community health nursing. They must plan and integrate health promotion into the aspects of community health nursing. They must also apply knowledge of health promotion to achieve public health policies (Hunt, 36). They must coordinate the development and implementation of health promotion plans. An acute settings nurse on the other hand is more concerned with assessing the needs of additional screening after initial assessment findings. They must have adequate skills to assess the impact of acute or chronic injuries on the individual (Bailey, 714). A nurse working in acute settings needs to be very quick and capable of working with complex and dependant patients. In the community settings, assessment and decision making abilities play an important role in the delivery of patient care. Nurses in the acute settings must quickly identify outcomes based on actual or potential diagnosis (Sobolewski, 12). Intervention plans are individualized according to the characteristics of the patients. The plan is developed in collaboration with other health professionals and family members.   They ensure that there is continuity of care and properly documented. A community nurse on the other hand must demonstrate the ability to have effective problem solving strategies. They must also make the use of systematic decision making techniques. These decisions need to be based on experience and clinical judgment. Community nurses have a higher degree of autonomy as compared with nurses working in acute settings. They have to participate in decision making to ensure accountability. They must also make appropriate solutions in response to a range of options (Harris, 14). Nurses in the community need to demonstrate the ability to make autonomous decisions and independence. They have to resolve complex situations using multiple approaches. A nurse working in the acute setting on the other hand does not have a high degree of autonomy. They also do not need to demonstrate a level of independence. Nurses working in the community differ from those who work in acute settings. They have work in developing community health programs and teams. Nurses in acute settings on other hand work for healing and recovery of intensely sick patients. Works Cited: Burbach CA. Community health and home health nursing: keeping the concepts clear. Nurse and Health Care. 1988; 9(2):96-100. Green PH. Meeting the learning needs of home health nurses. J Home Health Care Practice. 1994; 6(4):25-32. Conrad MB. Issues in home health nursing education. Home Healthcare Nurse. 1991; 9(4):21-28. Humphrey CJ. Home care nursing orientation model: justification and structure. Home Healthcare Nurse. 1992; 19(3):18-22. Shea AM. Transitioning professional nurses into home care: a 6-month mentorship program. J Home Health Care Practice. 1994; 6(4):67-72. Feldman R. Meeting the educational needs of home health care nurses. J Home Health Care Practice. 1993; 5(4):12-19. Stephany TM. Health hazard concerns of home care nurses: a staff nurse perspective. J Nurs Adm. 1993; 23(12):12-13. Loreti ST. Easing the transition from hospital nursing to home care: a research study. Home Healthcare Nurse. 1991; 9(4):32-35. Wood MJ. The educational needs of home health nurses. Home Healthcare Nurse. 1986; 4(3):11-17. Bailey C. Education for home care providers.JOGNN 1994; 23(8):714-719. Hunt P. When orientation is not enough.Home Healthcare Nurse. 1992; 10(6):36-40. Brent NJ. Orientation to home healthcare nursing is an essential ingredient of risk management and employee satisfaction.Home Healthcare Nurse. 1992; 10(2):9-10. Harris MD, Yuan J. Educating and orienting nurses for home healthcare. Home Healthcare Nurse. 1991; 9(4):9-14 Sobolewski S. `See you in home care.' Am J Nurs(Part 2: Career Guide). 1996; January:10,12,14.                                                             Nursing Nursing is like breathing for me. It is more than a purpose. Being a nurse will complement not only most people but my well-being as well. To become a nurse you need to be compassionate and able to pass college algebra and several science courses such as microbiology, chemistry, anatomy and physiology. I also need to take psychology, social sciences, and be proficient at written and oral communication. I need to be able to read at a tenth grade level. For many, 9/11 was a turning point in their professional lives. People began to find they were not satisfied in jobs that didn't make a difference in someone's life. Others had always wanted to become a nurse but other factors influenced their decisions and now they want to pursue a career in nursing. I might find it easier than you thought to have a second career as a nurse. Nursing is extremely hard work, both physically and emotionally. Not everyone is cut out for it. It's not just the blood and gore that might make you think twice. I have to understand what nursing involves before you choose this route. I don't have to just work in a hospital to be a nurse. I am about to find out more opportunities for nurses as well as the educational requirements to achieve these roles. Healthcare is one of the fastest growing professions throughout the world. The population ages, and healthcare costs rise, the demand for nurses will continue to increase as well. The health care delivery system is shifting, and nurses, particularly those with advanced education, will be in demand for quite some time.   With the rising costs of healthcare, physicians are spending less time with patients, and nurses are shifting into an ever expanding role of health educator, as well as providing more direct care to the patients. Effects of Nursing Shortage The present population of nurses is aging and approaching retirement. This will compound the current shortage of nurses worldwide. I am bent to become one of one the thousands of nurses that aspire to undertake this profession. The shortage nurses are causing a dramatic increase in salaries for nurses but this is not a hindrance to become a nurse. For one to become a nurse, he or she should be more than dedicated with his profession. Patients are to be treated like they are family as well, so as to feel at home during their confinement in the hospital. Hospitals and other facilities are competing for nurses with sign-on bonuses, and packages including cars, childcare and/or eldercare assistance, and housing assistance. Attractive salaries, bonuses, and job security are not the only benefits for nurses. Caring for others and making a difference in the lives of others everyday is a rewarding aspect to a career in nursing. It's something that can be said to be missing in many careers. The shortage of nurses has forced employers to not only adjust salaries, but to look outside the box at alternative and flexible working conditions. Many more opportunities are available for per diem, part time as well as full time employees. Flexible work schedules and job sharing opportunities are emerging in the field to help nurses meet the demands of their families while managing a rewarding career. One way you can see for yourself first hand is to become a patient, but that is not the recommended route. Many young people choose nursing because of past experiences as a patient or through the experiences of a loved one or a close friend. Other ways include volunteering in a local hospital. Many still use candy stripers, or have auxiliaries which train volunteers to read to patients, to assist with wheelchair transportation at discharge, running library carts, etc. Another way is to seek out a shadow day experience. Talk to your guidance counselor and see if it is possible to set one up. Sometimes local hospitals and clinics offer these periodically. Call your local facility and inquire. Perhaps you ca help them to do this if they don't already. Nursing schools may offer shadow day experiences. Some are beginning to offer Nursing Camps for a week during the summer. You live on campus and attend events and tours of their hospital facilities. You shadow nurses, and earn your CPR. You may also learn to take vital signs and visit laboratory facilities. You may get to enter a hyperbaric chamber and observe in the Emergency rooms and Operating Rooms. Yet this is what I aspire to be. Nursing is not just a profession for me it is passion that will take me places and would complement me as a person. Nursing Nursing is involved in identifying its own unique knowledge base—that is, the body of knowledge essential to nursing practice, or a so-called nursing science. To identify this knowledge base, nurses must develop and recognize concepts and theories that are specific to nursing. Theory has been defined as a supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. For now, think of theory as a major, very well articulated idea about something important. The four most influential theories from the 20th century were Marx’s theory of alienation, Freud’s theory of the unconscious, Darwin’s theory of evolution, and Einstein’s theory of relativity. Most undergraduate students are introduced to the major theories in their disciplines. Psychology majors study Freud and Jung’s theories of the unconscious, Sullivan and Piaget’s theories of development, and Skinner’s theory of behaviorism. Psychology majors are also introduced to critiques of those theories. Sociology majors study Marx’s theory of alienation and Weber’s theories of modern work, as well as the critiques of their theories. Both sociology and psychology majors spend the majority of their time studying theories and approaches to research. This paper discusses how nursing theory is different from medicine. II. Background A. Purposes of Nursing Theory Direct links exist among theory, education, research, and clinical practice. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Education Because nursing theory was used primarily to establish the profession’s place in the university, it is not surprising that nursing theory became more firmly established in academia than in clinical practice. In the 1970s and 1980s, many nursing programs identified the major concepts in one or two nursing models, organized these concepts into a conceptual framework, and attempted to organize the entire curriculum around that framework. The unique language in these models was typically introduced into program objectives, course objectives, course descriptions, and clinical performance criteria. The purpose was to elucidate the central meanings of the profession and to gain status vis-à  -vis other professions. Occasionally, the language of nursing syllabi became so torturous that neither the faculty nor the students had a clear understanding of what was meant. Many nursing programs have abandoned theory-driven conceptual frameworks. III. Discussion A. In Research Nurse scholars have repeatedly insisted that nursing research identifies the philosophical assumptions or theoretical frameworks from which it proceeds. That is because all thinking, writing, and speaking is based on previous assumptions about people and the world. New theoretical perspectives provide an essential service by identifying gaps in the way we approach specific fields of study such as symptom management or quality of life. Different theoretical perspectives can also help generate new ideas, research questions, and interpretations. Grand theories only occasionally direct nursing research. Nursing research is more often informed by midlevel theories that focus on the exploration of concepts such as pain, self-esteem, learning, and hardiness. Qualitative research in nursing and the social sciences can also be grounded in theories from philosophy or the social sciences. The term critical theory is used in academia to describe theories that help elucidate how social structures affect a wide variety of human experiences from art to social practices. In nursing, critical theory helps explain how these structures such as race, gender, sexual orientation, and economic class affect patient experiences and health outcomes. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Clinical Practice Where nursing theory has been employed in a clinical setting, its primary contribution has been the facilitation of reflection, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do. Because nurses and nursing practice are often subordinated to powerful institutional forces and traditions, the introduction of any framework that encourages nurses to reflect on, think about, and question what they do provides an invaluable service. An increasing body of theoretical scholarship in nursing has been outside the framework of the formal theories presented in the next pages. Benner (2000) argues that formalistic theories are too often superimposed on the life-worlds of patients, overshadowing core values of the profession and our patient’s humanity. Philosophy is used to explore both clinical and theoretical issues in the journal Nursing Philosophy. Family theorists and critical theorists have encouraged the profession to move the focus from individuals to families and social structures. Debates about the role of theory in nursing practice provide evidence that is nursing is maturing, both as an academic discipline and as a clinical profession. B. Nursing Theories The nursing theories discussed in this paper vary considerably (a) in their level of abstraction; (b) in their conceptualization of the client, health/illness, environment, and nursing; and (c) in their ability to describe, explain, or predict. Some theories are broad in scope; others are limited. The works presented in this paper may be categorized as philosophies, conceptual frameworks or grand theories, or midlevel theories (Tomey, 2001). A philosophy is often an early effort to define nursing phenomena and serves as the basis for later theoretical formulations. Examples if philosophies are those of Nightingale, Henderson, and Watson. Conceptual models/grand theories include those of Orem, Rogers, Roy, and King, whereas midlevel theorists are Peplau, Leininger, Parse, and Neuman. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nightingale’s Environmental Theory Florence Nightingale, often considered the first nurse theorist, defined nursing more than 100 years ago as â€Å"the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (Nightingale, 1999). She linked health with five environmental factors: (1) pure or fresh air, (2) pure water, (3) efficient drainage, (4) cleanliness and (5) light, especially direct sunlight. Deficiencies These environmental factors attain significance when one considers that sanitation conditions in the hospitals of the mid-1800s were extremely poor and that women working in the hospitals were often unreliable, uneducated, and incompetent to care for the ill. In addition to those factors, Nightingale also stressed the importance of keeping the client warm, maintaining a noise-free environment, and attending of the client’s diet in terms of assessing intake, timeliness of the food, and its effect on the person (Nightingale, 1999). Nightingale set the stage for further work in the development of nursing theories. Her general concepts about ventilation, cleanliness, quiet, warmth, and diet remain integral parts of nursing and health care today. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings Martha Rogers first presented her theory of unitary human beings in 1970. It contains complex conceptualizations related to multiple scientific disciplines (e.g., Einstein’s theory of relativity, Burr and Northrop’s electrodynamic theory of life; von Bertalanffy’s general systems theory; and many other disciplines, such as anthropology, psychology, sociology, astronomy, religion, philosophy, history, biology, and literature. Rogers views the person as an irreducible whole, the whole being greater than the sum of its parts. Whole is differentiated from holistic, the latter often being used to mean only the sum of all parts. She states that humans are dynamic energy fields in continuous exchange with environmental fields, both of which are infinite. The â€Å"human field image† perspective surpasses that of the physical body. Both human and environmental fields are characterized by pattern, a universe of open systems, and four dimensionalities (Rogers, 2000). Nurses applying Roger’s theory in practice (a) focus on the person’s wholeness, (b) seek to promote symphonic interaction between the two energy fields (human and environment) to strengthen the coherence and integrity of the person, (c) coordinate the human field with the rhythmicities of the environmental field, and (d) direct and redirect patterns of interaction between the two energy fields to promote maximum health potential. Nurses’ use of non-contact therapeutic touch is based on the concept of human energy fields. The qualities of the field vary from person to person and are affected by pain and illness. Although the field is infinite, realistically it is most clearly â€Å"felt† within several feet of the body. Nurses trained in non-contact therapeutic touch claim they can assess and feel the energy field and manipulate it to enhance the healing process of people who are ill or injured (Rogers, 2000). c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Orem’s General Theory of Nursing Dorothea Orem’s theory, first published in 1971, includes the related concepts: self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. Self-care theory is based in four concepts: self-care, self-care agency, self-care requisites, and therapeutic self-care demand. Self-care refers to those activities an individual performs independently throughout life to promote and maintain personal well-being. Self-care agency is the individual’s ability to perform self-care activities. It consists of two agents: A self-care agent (an individual who performs self-care independently) and a dependent care agent (a person other than the individual who provides the care) (Orem, 2001). Most adults care for themselves, whereas infants and people weakened by illness or disability require assistance with self-care activities. Self-care requisites, also called self-care needs, are measures or actions taken to provide self-care. Self-care deficit results when self-care agency is not adequate to meet the known self-care demand. Orem’s self-care deficit theory explains not only when nursing is needed but also how people can be assisted through five methods of helping; acting or doing for, guiding, teaching, supporting, and providing an environment that promotes the individual’s abilities to meet current and future demands. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King’s Goal Attainment Theory Imogene King’s theory of goal attainment was derived from her conceptual framework. King’s framework shows the relationship of operational systems (individuals), interpersonal systems (groups such as nurse-patient), and social systems (such as educational system, health care system). She selected 15 concepts from the nursing literature (self, role, perception, communication, interaction, transaction, growth and development, stress, time, personal space, organization, status power, authority, and decision making) as essential knowledge for use by nurses. Ten of the concepts in the framework were selected (self, role, perception, communication, interaction, transaction, growth and development, stress, time, and personal space) as essential knowledge for use by nurses in concrete nursing situations. Within this theory, a transaction process model was designed (King, 2001). This process describes the nature of and standard for nurse—patient interactions that leads to goal attainment— that nurses purposefully interact and mutually set, explore, and agree to means to achieve goals. Goal attainment represents outcomes. When this information is recorded in the patient record, nurses have data that represent evidence-based nursing practice. King’s theory offers insight into nurses’ interactions with individuals and groups within the environment. It highlights the importance of a client’s participation in decisions that influence care and focuses on both the process of nurse-client interaction and the outcomes of care (King, 2001). IV. Conclusion In the natural sciences, the main function of theory is to guide research. In the practice disciples, the main function of theory (and research) is to provide new possibilities for understanding the discipline’s focus (music, art, management, and nursing). To Nightingale, the knowledge required to provide good nursing was neither unique nor specialized. Rather, Nightingale viewed nursing as central human activity grounded in observation, reason, and commonsense health practices. Theories articulate significant relationship between concepts in order to point something larger, such as gravity, the unconscious, or the experiences of pain. Reference: Benner, P. (2000). The roles of embodiment, emotion and lifeworld for rationality and agency in nursing practice. Nursing Philosophy, 1(1), 5-19. Nightingale, F. (1999). Notes on nursing: What it is, and what it is not. New York: Dover. (Original work published in 1860). Orem, D. (2001).   Nursing: Concepts of practice (8th Ed.). St. Louis, M.O. Mosby. Rogers, M.E. (2000).   An introduction to the theoretical basis if nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Tomey, A.M. (2001). Nursing theorist and their work (7th Ed.). St. Louis MO: Mosby. King, I. M. (2001). A theory fir nursing: Systems, concepts, process. Albany, NY: Delmar.

And Your Name Is Jonah Essays

And Your Name Is Jonah Essays And Your Name Is Jonah Paper And Your Name Is Jonah Paper In the movie, And Your Name Is Jonah (1979), there is a family that is going through some tough times. Jenny and Danny Corelli (Jonah’s parents) are seen walking into an institution to pick up their son, Jonah. There had been some confusion on the diagnosis; it appears that Jonah was diagnosed as mentally retarded. Jenny kept questioning and questioning if the new diagnosis was in fact correct, and was just dumbfounded. They could not believe that Jonah had been in the institution for three years for being mentally retarded. They arrived at home where the grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins were throwing a welcome home party. They were just having cake and music was playing in the background and Jonah saw his grandpa dancing and he joined in. It was pretty apparent when the music went off that he was deaf because he just kept dancing and dancing until they tapped him on the shoulder. After the party, Jenny and Danny were trying to get the family back on track and living normal lives, but little did they know it would be disruptive to the family. The parents set up an appointment with an audiologist to determine if he was deaf. The audiologist informs the parents that she is not sure if Jonah would benefit from wearing hearing aids, just that the sounds would be amplified but not hearing clear sounds that he never heard before, so he gets hearing aids. The audiologist also recommended speech therapy. Jenny enrolls Jonah into a school but was informed by the supervisor there that they only teach the oral method at this school. Jenny goes along with this and Jonah is now attending the school. After a while, there seems to be some dysfunction in the family dynamics as the parents are struggling to figure out what to do with Jonah. There was a birthday party for Jonah and Danny; Jonah’s father bought him a bike. As Jonah is riding the bike out in the street, someone is honking at him to move, but Jonah is oblivious to what is going on around him. His parents are frantic and yelling at him to move, and the driver of the car hits Jonah, the accident was not fatal but did scare everyone. Danny and Jenny get into an argument because they do not know how to deal with Jonah’s deafness. His father is clueless, not sure what he believes or understands what is going on and during the argument he leaves the house. It is now up to Jenny to figure out how to deal with Jonah and living life as a single parent with his younger brother and has applied for welfare. As time progresses, Jenny is trying to help Jonah speak and is having a difficult time with this. And Jonah continues going to school and is struggling during this time. During the movie, you can see that Jonah is attached to grandpa, as he visits him at work at the market. They always do things together, even though neither one of them know any signs or any form of communication. Grandpa loves him and Jonah loves grandpa. One day, grandpa has a heart attack and passes away. And Jonah is not sure what to make of this, as he does not understand what is going on. Shortly after the death of grandpa, Jonah steals money from mom’s purse and hops on a city bus to go visit grandpa but he is no longer there. After he discovers grandpa is not there, he wanders off and shortly after that the police get a hold of him. He is taken to a hospital and because he is unable to speak and was acting belligerent they strapped him down. As his mother finds out where he is, she walks into the hospital just in time to see him being strapped down and is devastated; she demands that they release him, as he is just deaf not retarded. But as time goes on, Jenny, Jonah’s mother, is taking him to speech therapy and sees a deaf couple with a deaf child. She goes chasing after them on the sidewalk to find out some information. They inform her that they have a deaf club and she is more than welcome to come and meet other deaf people. She goes to the deaf club with another parent that has a child that attends the oral school that Jonah goes to. While they are there, Jenny and her friend meet an interpreter that explains what is going on and Jenny stated that teaching the children sign language was a big controversy. But after sitting there with the deaf group, she realizes that sign language is an option for her family as she is learning it herself. After a few days, a deaf friend visits Jenny and her sons in the park, teaching Jonah different signs. Jonah did not understand at first but after a while he finally got the concept and wants to learn more and more. As they get near a pond, Jonah picks up an empty turtle shell and asks the friend what that was. The man said it was a turtle but it died and shows him the sign for that. Jonah had a flashback to his grandpa dying and now understands this. Jenny has decided to allow Jonah to enter a deaf school so he can learn sign language and be with other kids like him. The movie that provided examples of the materials that were learned in class was about a deaf child who has a hearing loss. Most likely a sensorineural earing loss but it was never explained how he became deaf in the movie. It really devastated the family to find out that their child was not disabled and had been institutionalized for three years. Jonah had no clue how to communicate with his family and vice versa. At that time, the social worker probably would have done the same thing as everyone else. I am not sure how things would have been handled; although, I believe that they probably were not big advocators in stressing that the parents have the right to choose what is best for their child or they were never assigned a social worker. I believe that in this day and age, there would be issues on how it was handled. I would ask the family what their understanding of the functioning of the human ear, what happened, what did the previous doctor/audiologist say. As a social worker, I would have advocated that the child needed a proper hearing test, and determine what kind of hearing loss it is or how it happened; for example, was it a disease like German measles or medications that could have caused the deafness in the child. I would ask the parents to tell me their life story, what they can remember or think of in terms of his deafness. I think also, it would have benefited the family to have counseling support, to help them with their child and themselves. It would have given them more of an idea of what to expect. I would schedule home visits with the family to see how they were interacting with the child and assist them in learning/teaching them sign language if they choose. I would also counsel them on the pros and cons of attending public schools and deaf school. Education wise, it would be better to attend public schools and have deaf education classes in the school. But attending a deaf school is better for the child socially because they would be around others that are the same; they can communicate and will not feel left out socially. Explain to the parents that the deaf child, Jonah, is just like a hearing child but unable to hear. I would encourage them to attend sign language classes to help them learn to communicate with their child and let him feel as he was part of the family. Allow Jonah to have the freedom to be who he wants to be within reason, if they have strict rules about things, and then they need to follow through with it. But otherwise, let him have freedom as the hearing child does. As a social worker, I would work closely with the audiologist to determine what type of hearing aid would be best for Jonah and then discuss with the parents, and how they feel about this. As well as the primary doctor, as to keep everyone informed of what was going on in the situation. I would also recommend that Jonah receives speech therapy/lip reading to help him with vocalizations; also discuss if they would consider cochlear implants and explain how it works. I would encourage the family to apply for Social Security Income (SSI); I can provide information for them if needed. I can explain the different devices they have for the deaf/hearing impaired people. They have closed captioning on televisions to help follow along with the conversations, have flashing lights for doorbells/telephones. They also have Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf (TDD/TTY maching), which helps deaf/hearing people communicate on the phone, and would explain how that works. They also have vibrating alarm clocks with or without flashing lights to help the deaf people wake up, would also explain how that works. I would also refer them to Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services (DARS) to apply and receive proper devices, as well as hearing aids for Jonah. I can set up for the family to meet other parents who have a deaf child/children to help them feel better, and they can discuss among themselves how they feel or what they believe and share with each other. I would need to find out about the family’s health insurance coverage and explain that most insurance companies do not pay for hearing aids, batteries, etc. It would be all out-of-pocket expenses, would also explain that they can refer to DARS for any of these needs and that DARS would help them. If they have any questions or problems with this, they can come see me anytime. I would stress to the family, what they choose for Jonah would be their options, I am there to help them and provide information and to answer any questions they have.