Patent Law And The Patent System - 1016 Words

Patent law provides the strongest monopoly rights of the intellectual property (formally known as IP) system (Kratz, 2010). Patents may be thought of as a statutory monopoly right granted to an individual for their specific invention (Kratz, 2010). Two observations about the patent system may be made clear; it is often times thought of as a race, and inventions are built on the work of others (Kratz, 2010). The idea of patenting is a largely controversial debate within the realm of research; as any dispute, there are both pros and cons to each side. This paper will first look at both sides of the argument regarding the patent system; however, by the end it will be made clear that the negatives outweigh the positives of the patent system. Benefits The most predominate benefit to the patent system is that it gives the inventor the right to stop others from taking credit for their work or ideas. By keeping the patent system, as a monopoly, companies and individuals are more likely to be motivated to become innovative which, in turn has the possibility of advancing the economy (Inventor Basics, 2011). Along with possibility of further innovation, the patent holder maintains exclusive rights to use the invention as they wish. Therefore, in some cases this leads to a higher profit for the inventor; which can balance out the costs of applying for a patent (Inventor Basics, 2011). One further positive for the patent holder maintaining all rights to their invention deals with theShow MoreRelatedPatent Indirect Infringement Of Patent Infringement1202 Words   |  5 Pages1.Introduction Patent indirect infringementï ¼Å'as the name impliesï ¼Å'is opposite to patent direct infringement. Generally, the conception of patent indirect infringement is to meet the need of pantent protection. It expands the protection domain of the patent right to the no-patented products, improves patent protection’s horizontal and provides sufficient legal protection for patentees. Nowadays, more and more countries ordain the system of indirect infringement in their patent laws in order to protectRead MoreThe Patent And Its Effect On The Improvement And Advancement Of Overall Technology1588 Words   |  7 PagesA patent is the right to individually protect intellectual property from others making, using, selling or importing the invention granted by the United States government. The patent was first seen in 1474 in Venice, when the statute allowed grants and restrictions of European monopolies. Similar to the modern patent, an explanation, description, and proof of the inventions usefulness was required in order to receive the patent. Over time, the British system adopted this system and after U.S. andRead MoreThe Smartphone Industry : A Competitive Market1693 Words   |  7 Pagesutilize patents to increase their sphere of influence within the tech wing. Company growth and the bottom line may be the primary focus, but a secondary goal of stagnating competito rs through tech control is vital to staying king of the hill. Intellectual property is defined as an invention or work that is the result of creativity. A company may apply for a patent, copyright, or trademark to protect intellectual property. A patent is essentially a limited monopoly in which the patent holder isRead MoreIntellectual Property And Technology : The Real World : Legal Matters Sweet As Candy1071 Words   |  5 Pagesproperty law comes into play. The impact intellectual property law has on the technology industry is demonstrated through its procedures, demand, and recent successes. High Tech Intellectual Property Law Intellectual property is defined as â€Å"intangible rights protecting the products of human intelligence and creation, such as copyrightable works, patented inventions, trademarks, and trade secrets.† The most common use of intellectual property law in the field of technology is patent law; patents areRead MoreApple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.: An Exploration of Patent Law and Ever-Evolving Technology1166 Words   |  5 PagesApple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.: An Exploration of Patent Law and Ever-Evolving Technology April 15, 2011 marks the date that kick-started the most high-profile US design patent cases of all time; a lawsuit that could possibly change the face of technology as we know it. Apple Inc. sued Samsung Electronics Co. on the grounds that Samsung’s smartphones as well as tablets infringed upon Apple’s technology and design patents (Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., 2013). Deemed by the UnitedRead MoreHarmonization Of International Patent Law1350 Words   |  6 Pagesboundaries and thus inventors are required to protect their inventions in the countries where they wish to operate. Patent systems of different countries are different and this creates much problem. They are often very reluctant to do business in countries where protection is very less or almost nil for their invention. Thus, neither inventor nor the countries enjoy the benefit of patent. If we examine rules of different countries then many differences can be found but at the same time many simila ritiesRead MoreThe Mayo Collaborative Services And Mayo Clinic Rochester1355 Words   |  6 Pages(Prometheus) patents. After Mayo’s Prometheus sued Mayo claiming patent infringement. This paper will examine the Mayo Collaborative Services v Prometheus Laboratories, Inc. case that refers to the patent infringement law. We will examine both sides of the case by exploring Diamond v. Diehr, Mackay Radio Telegraph Co. v. Radio Corp. of America, Bilski v. Kappos, and Parker v. Flook’s relationship with the case. This paper will ultimately conclude in favor of Mayo because Prometheus’ patents effectivelyRead MoreEssay On Patent Systems1342 Words   |  6 PagesLaw Regulations (ACE 592) Juhi Tomar 1. Patent systems allows inventors all around the world to file and claim some form of intellectual property as their invention which gives them exclusive rights to make use of this property for a certain period of time (usually 20 years), after which it is available for public use. The inventor must release all details regarding the invention which are needed to utilize the property by experts/professionals in the field. The patent system gives rise to manyRead MorePatent Laws And Its Legal Justifications1704 Words   |  7 Pagesof them being the patent system. Patent is an intellectual property right that relates to innovations and grants exclusive ownership right of an invention to a patentee, and protects the patented product to reproduction, using, selling, importing, or process producing the patented product (John and Wendy 1). This paper explores the patent law in India in relation to its legal justifications(domestic and international), as well as the ethical considerations in relation to patent medical drugs. TheRead MoreIntellectual Property in India909 Words   |  4 PagesIntrà ¶ductià ¶n It was never the à ¶bject à ¶f patent laws tà ¶ grant a mà ¶nà ¶pà ¶ly fà ¶r every trifling device, every shadà ¶w à ¶f a shade à ¶f an idea, which wà ¶uld naturally and spà ¶ntaneà ¶usly à ¶ccur tà ¶ any skilled mechanic à ¶r à ¶peratà ¶r in the à ¶rdinary prà ¶gress à ¶f manufactures. Such an indiscriminate creatià ¶n à ¶f exclusive privileges tends rather tà ¶ à ¶bstruct than tà ¶ stimulate inventià ¶n. It creates a class à ¶f speculative schemers whà ¶ make it their business tà ¶ watch the advancing wave à ¶f imprà ¶vement, and gather its fà ¶am

A Critique Of The Chinese Room Argument - 2056 Words

(Not) Mere Semantics: A Critique of the Chinese Room The Roman Stoic, Seneca, is oft quoted that it is the power of the mind to be unconquerable (Seneca, 1969). And so seems that, in recent times, Searle has produced a similar rhetoric. (At least insofar as strong AI might ‘conquer’ and reducibly explain mental states). This essay will attempt to do two things: 1) Examine three central objections to Searle’s Chinese Room Argument (CRA); these being the Systems Reply (SR), Deviant Causal Chain (DCC), and what I have termed the Essence Problem. The CRA is found to survive the first three, while damaged by the fourth for its question-begging form. And, 2) it will propose a The Chinese Room Searle’s 1980 essay, Minds, Brains and Programs is†¦show more content†¦The latter more specifically states that thoughts are certain kinds of computation and, as universal Turing machines can compute any kind of computable function, they can in principle be programmed to actuate a human mind. Searle’s argument can be put propositionally as: 1. If Strong AI is true, then there is a program for Chinese such that if any computing system runs that program, that system thereby comes to understand Chinese. 2. I could run a program for Chinese without thereby coming to understand Chinese. 3. Therefore Strong AI is false. (Cole, 2014) Although it should be pointed out that what Searle’s precise position has come under scrutiny and there is reason to change what might be considered the ‘success’ of the paper depending on what these reading differences are. (Harnad, 2001) †¢ â€Å"Weak AI†: the claim that computers are merely able to simulate rather than literally think. †¢ It would seem that much of the battle over the CRA’s validity turns on different intuitions of whether semantic content is reducible to syntactic frameworks. (Can computationalism provide a scientific theory which might elucidate the essential nature of content?) †¢ Systems Reply (Fodor and Block) †¢ Searle (1991a) deftly produces an argument to block the systems objection, namely that the individual internalise all the elements of the system. So he concludes, â€Å"If he doesn’t understand, then there is no way the system could understand because theShow MoreRelatedMinds, Brains, and Science by John R. Searle1815 Words   |  7 Pages2014). Searle earned his Ph.D. in philosophy at Oxford, and has made several contributions to his field on topics, such as consciousness, artificial intelligence, and the problem of free will (â€Å"John R. Searle,† 2014). His â€Å"Chinese Room† experiment is known as one of the main critiques to the concept of artificial intelligence. In Searle’s book, Searle describes his thought process into this experiment during the second chapter, titled â€Å"Can Computers Think?† Searle’s purpose of this chapter in the bookRead MoreEssay on Artificial Intelligence1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthen analyse whether Searle is right in terms of his three main efforts: a critique of computationalism and strong Artificial Intelligence (AI); the development of a theory of intentionality; and the formulation of a naturalized theory of consciousness. At the first place, the best-known example of Searles critique of computationalism and strong AI is his Chinese Room Argument. The argument (1980) goes as follows: Searle supposes that, many years from now; we haveRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1689 Words   |  7 PagesIn the article â€Å"The Nature of Mental States† Hillary Putnam presents a compelling argument that dealt a â€Å"considerable blow† to the Mind-Brain Identity Theory—a theory developed by J.C.C Smart—in which he [Putnam] stated â€Å"mental states are multiply realizable.† His argument is driven by functionalism. His functionalist account of mental states like pain differs from what is explained by the Mind-Brain Identity Theory. In turn, he also avoids the issue of multiple realizability, an issue that was provenRead MoreThe Nature Of Knowledge, Reality, Existence, And Academic Discipline1889 Words   |  8 PagesHe crafted an argument known as the Chinese Room Argument in order to explain in simpler terms how a computer functions. The argument is broken down in an article entitled â€Å"A Cognitive Analysis Of The Chinese Room Argument† written by Norman Ten g. The summary is as follows: Imagine that you carry out the steps in a program for answering questions in a language you do not understand. I do not understand Chinese, so I imagine that I am locked in a room with a lot of boxes of Chinese symbols (the database)Read MoreThe Oppression of Women in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Wolf1749 Words   |  7 Pagessuperiority. It is evident throughout Woolf’s writing that Shakespeare’s works were highly influential. Her novels frequently allude to his plays, most notably Orlando, Mrs. Dalloway, and also in her famous essay, A Room of One’s Own. Though Woolf admires Shakespeare’s androgyny (specifically in A Room of One’s Own), she also makes the case that his treatment of female characters does not allow for the women to be three-dimensional, therefore leaving them flat and lacking in depth. Even though for the mostRead MoreThe Reality of Corrupt Power Hungry Men in the Film Chinatown773 Words   |  4 Pagesher character com es active male attention and desire. Laura Mulveys Theory of The Gaze supports this argument by studying the power and influence of a patriarchal society. With the support of Mulveys theories I will describe three scenes in the film that reflect this gaze. The first example is when Evelyn first steps into Jake Gittes office and draws attention from all of the males in the room, secondly she meets Jake for lunch ands the gaze is again focused in on her and finally the scene whereRead MoreAnalysis Of Yasheng Huang s Article How Did China Take Off? Essay2196 Words   |  9 Pagestakes aim at mainstream scholarship on Chinese growth in its reform era post 1978. Using a historical, political and economic lens he first outlines how and why China reformed and the socio-political context for the financial and political liberalisation policies that took place in rural areas under Deng Xiaoping. He then moves to the crux of his article – the emergence and massive impact rural private VTEs (Village and Township Enterprises) made to Chinese economic growth in the 1980s. VTEs wereRead MoreThe True Face of Islam: Essays on Islam and Modernity in Indonesia1950 Words   |  8 Pagesjettisoned. Based on this interpretation of ijtihad, Madjid argues that gender equality and equal treatment by the state of all citizens irrespective of religion are actually in accordance with the spirit of Islam, although he recognizes that this argument departs in significant respects from traditional fiqh understandings. Likewise, Madjid makes the interesting conceptual distinction between Islam as a religion and Arab culture, critiquing the deeply-rooted notion that the two are somehow inseparableRead More Bonds Between Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club2220 Words   |  9 Pagesinto play in Amy Tan’s novel titled â€Å"The Joy Luck Club.† The story is about four sets of Chinese mothers and daughters, and their first experience of growing in Americ a. All of the mothers want to raise their children in the traditional Chinese way and still allow them to be all that they can be in America. This causes many conflicts between them when the daughters act too American and the mothers act too Chinese. There are also problems when some of the daughters grow and get married to American MenRead MoreOrganizational Theory on Apple Inc.2622 Words   |  11 Pagesthrough exercising power (McAuley et al. 2007). Reducing labor wages and extending working hours to increase profit and productivity are the example of critical approaches used by organizations. 3.1 Theories developed by critical theorists 3.1.1 Critique of Ideology According to management ideology exploiting workers and managerial controls are the right of the capitalist and managers (Hatch and Cunliffe 2006). They are only interested to make profit and strengthen their economic bases by lobbying

Financial and Management Accounting Free Essays

Fall 2012 Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 1 MB0041 – Financial And Management Accounting – 4 Credits (Book ID: B1624) Assignment Set – 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial and Management Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explain the process involved in accounting. 2. The salaries paid in 2004 is Rs. 5,00,000; Salaries outstanding is Rs. 20,000; Salaries paid in advance for 2004 is Rs. 30,000. What is the actual salary expenditure for 2004? Which accounting principle is involved in this and explain that principle. 3. Find the value of the following: a. If the total assets are Rs. 87,000 and the liabilities are Rs. 47,000, find out the amount of capital. b. If the capital of proprietor is Rs. 4,00,000 and the total assets are Rs. 6,00,000, what is the amount of liabilities to outsiders? c. If creditors are Rs. 56,000, bank overdraft is Rs. 1,00,000, and outstanding expenses are Rs. 8,000, what is the total amount of assets? d. Fixed assets are Rs. 70,000 and current assets are Rs. 1,00,000 and the creditors are Rs. 30,000. What is capital? 4. Enter the following transactions in the single column cash book of Gopichand. March, 2003 1st. Commenced business with cash 20000 2nd. Bought goods for cash 5000 3rd. Sold goods for cash 4000 4th. Goods purchased from Ravi Kumar 10000 10th. Paid to Ravi Kumar 7000 14th. Cash sales 8000 18th. Purchased furniture for office 4000 22nd. Paid wages 500 Fall 2012 25th. Paid rent 600 30th. Received commission 4000 30th. Withdrew for personal purpose 1000 Cash balance 170000 Hint: Goods Purchased from Ravi Kumar is a credit purchase. 5. Find out the missing figures. Office stationery 5000 Purchased during the year Closing stock 8000 25000 ? 3000 Opening stock Consumables 6000 ? 24000 Consumed for the year ? Hint : Office stationery consumed for the year =27000 Consumables purchased during the year = 22000 6. Explain the tools of management accounting. Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 1 Fall 2012 MB0041 – Financial and Management Accounting- 4 Credits (Book ID: B1624) Assignment Set – 2 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. 1. Compute trend ratios and comment on the financial performance of Infosys Technologies Ltd. from the following extract of its income statements of five years. in Rs. Crore) Particulars 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 27,501 22,742 21,693 16,692 13,893 Operating Profit (PBIDT) 8,968 7,861 7,195 5,238 4,391 PAT from ordinary activities 6,835 6,218 5,988 4,659 3,856 Revenue (Source: Infosys Technologies Ltd. – Annual Report) Hint: The Revenue and Operating Profit (PBIDT) have almost doubled in four years. The PAT from ordinary activities has increased by 77. 26% in the same period. 2. What is fund flow analysis? What are the objectives of analysing flow of fund? From the following balance sheets of Joy Ltd. prepare a cash flow statement under indirect method. Liabilities 2005 2006 Equity share capital 3,00,000 4,00,000 8% redeemable pref. share capital 1,50,000 1,00,000 General reserve 40,000 70,000 Profit and loss 30,000 48,000 Proposed dividend 42,000 50,000 Sundry creditors 55,000 83,000 Bills payable 20,000 16,000 Provision for taxation 40,000 50,000 6,77,000 8,17,000 Goodwill 1,15,000 90,000 Land and building 2,00,000 1,70,000 80,000 2,00,000 1,60,000 2,00,000 Stock 77,000 1,09,000 Bills receivable 20,000 30,000 Total Assets Plant Sundry debtors Fall 2012 Cash 15,000 10,000 Bank 10,000 8,000 Total 6,77,000 8,17,000 Additional Information a) Depreciation of Rs. 10,000 and Rs. 20,000 has been changed on plant and building during the current year. b) An interim dividend of Rs. 20,000 has been paid during the current year. c) Rs. 35,000 was paid during the current year for income tax. Hint: Cash flow from operating activities Rs. 1,25,000; Cash flow from investing activities (Rs. 1,20,000); Cash flow from financing activities (Rs. 12,000). 3. Calculate the cost of raw materials purchased from the following data: Opening stock of raw materials Rs. 10,000 Closing stock of raw materials Rs. 15,000 Expenses on purchases Rs. 5,000 Direct wages Rs. 50, 000 Prime costs Rs. 1, 00,000 Hint: Cost of Raw Materials purchased is Rs. 50,000 4. Distinguish between absorption costing and marginal costing 5. The Anchor Company Ltd. produces most of its electrical parts in its own plant. The company is at present considering the feasibility of buying a part from an outside supplier for Rs. 4. 50 per part. If this is done, monthly costs would increase by Rs. 1,000. The part under consideration is manufactured in department 1 along with numerous other parts. On account of discontinuing the production of this part, department 1 would have somewhat reduced operations. The average monthly usage production of this part is 20,000 units. The costs of producing this part on per unit basis are as follows. Material Rs. 1. 80 Labour (half-hour) 2. 40 Fixed overheads 0. 80 Total costs 5. 00 Should the company produce this part or should it buy from an outside supplier? Fall 2012 Hint: Differential costs 7,000 per month Favouring making of the parts 6. Explain the essential features of budgetary control. 0. 35 er unit How to cite Financial and Management Accounting, Essay examples